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What is React? Explain its core concepts and how it differs from traditional DOM manipulation.
What is JSX? How does it differ from HTML and what are its rules?
What are functional components in React? How do they differ from class components?
How do you pass data between components using props? Explain prop drilling and basic parent-child communication.
What is state in React? Explain the useState hook with examples and rules of hooks.
How do you handle events in React? Explain synthetic events and common event handlers.
How does conditional rendering work in React? Show different methods with examples.
How do you render lists in React? Explain the importance of keys and common patterns.
What are controlled and uncontrolled components in React forms? Provide examples and use cases.
What is useEffect? How does it work for side effects and lifecycle simulation?
What is the useState hook? Provide multiple examples and explain batch updates.
How do you fetch data in React? Compare fetch API with libraries like React Query.
What is the difference between props and state in React?
What are different ways to style React components? Compare CSS modules, Styled Components, and Tailwind CSS.
What is the virtual DOM? How does it work and why is it important in React?
What are React Hooks? Explain the basic hooks and their rules.
What is the difference between functional components and class components? When would you use each?
What is the useRef hook? How is it different from state and when would you use it?
How do you handle form validation in React? Compare controlled approach with libraries like Formik and React Hook Form.
What is the children prop in React? How do you use it for composition?
What is React DevTools and how can you use it for debugging and performance profiling?
How do you handle loading and error states when fetching data in React?
How do you create a basic React project? Explain the folder structure and build process.
What are the benefits of using TypeScript with React? Provide basic type definitions for components and hooks.
How does useEffect handle cleanup and dependencies? Explain the concept of stale closures and how to avoid them.
What are useMemo and useCallback? How do they optimize performance and when should you use them?
How do you create custom hooks? Provide examples for data fetching and form handling.
What is the Context API? How does it work and when should you use it over prop drilling?
What is useReducer and when would you use it instead of useState? Provide an example.
Explain React's reconciliation and diffing algorithm. How does it decide which components to update?
What are code splitting and lazy loading? How do you implement them with React.lazy and Suspense?
What are error boundaries in React? How do you implement them and what are their limitations?
What are forwardRefs and useImperativeHandle? How do you expose DOM refs or component methods to parent components?
What are portals in React? How do they work and when would you use them?
How do you implement debouncing and throttling in React? Give examples for search inputs and scroll events.
What is React.memo and how does it work? Explain when to use it and potential pitfalls.
Explain the concept of compound components. How do you implement them using context and React.Children?
What is React Query (TanStack Query) and how does it solve common data fetching problems?
What is the difference between useEffect and useLayoutEffect? When would you use useLayoutEffect?
How do you type React components, hooks, and events with TypeScript? Provide examples.
Explain the concept of render props and how they compare to hooks for logic sharing.
What is the virtual DOM? Explain the reconciliation algorithm and how React achieves efficient updates.
How do you test React components? Explain unit testing, integration testing, and tools like React Testing Library.
What are the best practices for organizing a large React application? Discuss folder structure, component patterns, and state management.
Explain React Fiber architecture. How does it enable concurrent rendering and what are the benefits?
How does the React Scheduler work? Explain priorities, time slicing, and how it integrates with the event loop.
Explain the commit phase and render phase in React reconciliation. What happens in each and why are they separate?
How does React handle automatic batching and when does it batch updates? Compare React 17 vs 18.
What is Suspense and how does it work internally? Explain data fetching with Suspense and its limitations.
Explain Streaming SSR and Selective Hydration. How do they improve performance in React 18?
How does React handle events internally? Explain the event delegation system and synthetic events.
How does the React Compiler (formerly Forget) work? What problems does it solve and how does it differ from manual memoization?
Explain hydration mismatches in React. What causes them and how can they be fixed?
What are React Server Components (RSC) and how do they differ from client components? Explain the benefits and trade-offs.
How do you optimize large lists in React? Discuss virtualization, windowing, and techniques like react-window.
What are common security vulnerabilities in React applications and how do you mitigate them? (XSS, CSRF, prototype pollution)
How do you use React DevTools and profiling to identify and fix performance bottlenecks?
How does React handle state updates with hooks? Explain the linked list of hooks and why order matters.
How does React's `useSyncExternalStore` work and when would you use it?
What are the new features in React 19? Discuss the `use` hook, improvements in Server Components, and other updates.
How does React's cache mechanism work for data fetching and what problems does it solve?
Explain advanced React patterns: Higher-Order Components (HOC), Render Props, and Custom Hooks. Compare their trade-offs.